Surgical treatment refers to medical procedures that involve cutting into the body in order to diagnose, treat, or prevent a disease, injury, or condition. Surgical treatment can range from minimally invasive procedures such as arthroscopic knee surgery to more complex surgeries such as open-heart surgery. Surgery can be used for a variety of conditions including cancer, cardiovascular disease, orthopedic injuries, and birth defects. Surgeons may use tools such as scalpels, lasers, or robotic devices to perform surgeries, and may work in collaboration with other medical professionals such as anesthesiologists and radiologists. Surgical treatment is often considered a last resort when other treatment options have been exhausted, but it can be highly effective in improving or resolving a medical issue.